Green Growth-A New Path For Korea

“Low Carbon, Green Growth”
Sebuah visi nasional Korea menuju 60 tahun yang akan datang. Korea menyatakan akan menempuh jalan baru untuk pengembangan ekonomi, yaitu “jalan hijau” (green path).

Green growth bukan sekadar program lingkungan yang bertujuan mengurangi polusi lingkungan atau mitigasi gas rumah kaca. Kebijakan ini memiliki cakupan yang lebih luas-bahkan merupakan paradigma baru dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi. Kebijakan-kebijakan lingkungan pada masa lalu kerap difokuskan pada solusi jangka pendek. Dalam banyak kesempatan, penentu kebijakan terlibat dalam perdebatan yang tak habis-habisnya seputar “pelestarian lingkungan” dan “kemakmuran ekonomi”.

Strategi “green growth”

Kini, “Low Carbon, Green Growth” merupakan kata kunci di Korea. Sejak visi tersebut dikumandangkan bulan Agustus 2008 lalu, pemerintah Korea telah meluncurkan serangakaian inisiatif hijau untuk membantu Korea melakukan lompatan besar (leapfrog) menuju masyarakat karbon rendah (low carbon society). Green growth akan menjadi penggerak utama perubahan di Korea, dari kebijakan-kebijakan perekonomian menjadi gaya hidup masyarakat.
Green growth akan menfasilitasi transisi Korea menuju perekonomian berbasis pengetahuandan membawa nilai-nilai yang lebih besar dan hijau pada proses produksinya.
Green growth juga akan mengubah gaya hidup masyarakat. Edukasi terlibat dari kesadaran yang meningkat serta perubahan perilaku akan membantu Korea menjadi tempat yang lebih baik dan menyenangkan untuk ditinggali bagi generasi yang akan datang.

Rencana Energi Dasar Nasional

Konsep green growth telah diintegrasikan ke dalam rencana-rencana nasional seputar energi dan iklim. Rencana energi nasional ini menetapkan tujuan untuk meningkatkan pangsa energi dari tahun ke tahun. Sementara itu, rencana perubahan iklim adalah rencana yang paling menyeluruh dan ambisius yang dikembangkan Korea untuk mengatasi masalah perubahan iklim, yang mencakup adaptasi dan upaya-upaya internasional. Diumumkan pada 6 Januari 2009, Paket Stimulus merupakan rencana investasi senilai 50 trilyun won (sekitar 38,5 miliar dolar AS) untuk masa empat tahun kedepan terhadap sembilan proyek hijau utama dan proyek-proyek lain yang akan menciptakan lapangan kerja baru yang hijau.
Sembilan proyek utama tersebut meliputi, pertama, revitalisasi empat sungai utama; kedua, pembangunan transportasi hijau; ketiga, pembuatan database tentang wilayah dan sumber daya nasional; keempat, manajemen sumber daya nasional; keempat, manajemen sumber daya air; kelima, program kendaraan hijau dan energi yang lebih bersih; keenam, program daur ulang sumber daya; ketujuh, program manajemen hutan dan biomasa; kedelapan, rumah, kantor, dan sekolah hijau; dan kesembilan, lanskap dan infrastruktur yang lebih hijau.

Partisipasi pemerintah Korea dalam pembangunan hutan tanaman di Indonesia

Kunjungan Presiden Korea Selatan ke Indonesia diharapkan menjadi momentum dalam program pembangunan hutan tanaman secara lestari dan optimal yang merupakan kebutuhan mutlak bagi kedua negara, serta dapat memberikan kontribusi yang besar pada kedua negara maupun dunia.
Selama ini, kerja sama kedua negara di bidang kehutanan telah berjalan baik dan terus berkembang dari tahun ke tahun. Kedua negara telah mengadakan kesepakatan untuk membangun hutan tanaman di Indonesia. Telah juga dibahas berbagai proyek pada Forum Kehutanan, seperti proyek pembangunan persemaian dan pemuliaan pohon, rehabilitasi hutan bakau, ekowisata, A/R CDM (Aforestarsi/ Reforestarsi Clean Developtment Mechanism) dan REDD (Reducing Emission from Deforesting and Degradation). Sehubungan kerjasama bidang kehutanan kedua negara yang telah berjalan cukup lama, cukup banyak investor Korea yang tertarik dan berminat untuk berinvestasi di bidang kehutanan, khususnya pembangunan hutan tanaman di Indonesia.
Pemerintah Indonesia memiliki potensi lahan yang luas dengan iklim yang mendukung pertumbuhan hutan dengan cepat, akan tetapi masih terdapat sejumlah kendala. Di sisi lain, Pemerintah Korea memiliki modal dan bioteknologi yang memadai, namun luas lahan terbatas dengan iklim yang kurang memadai. Apabila potensi kedua negara tersebut digabungkan dalam suatu kerjasama strategis maka pembangunan hutan tanaman dapat dilaksanakan secara professional menggunakan bioteknologi yang tepat sehingga dapat memberikan kontribusi positif bagi pembangunan hutan tanaman secara lestari. Selanjutnya, Pemerintah Korea akan mendapat basis luar negeri untuk memanfaatkan sumber daya hutan dan biomas serta berbagai industri pengolahan hasil hutan dan mendukung kebijakan “green growth” yang merupakan pokok kebijakan Pemerintah Korea saat ini.
Di samping itu melalui pembangunan hutan tanaman secara lestari dan optimal, kedua negara dapat memberikan kontribusi yang cukup besar kepada dunia untuk menstabilisasi iklim dunia dengan mengurangi tekanan eksploitasi hutan alam. Hal ini juga sangat mendukung kebijakan “satu orang satu pohon” sebagai upaya untuk menumbuhkan budaya menanam.

diambil dan disadur dari Harian Kompas, Sabtu, 7 Maret 2009

Kesimpulan :

Dari artikel singkat ini kita dapat mengambil kesimpulan upaya dunia, tepatnya Korea dan Indonesia, dalam menangani krisi pemanasan global. Lalu, apa hubunganya dengan kertas? Dalam artikel ini memang tidak disebutkan mengenai kertas namun, kami hanya ingin menyajikan pengetahuan seputar perubahan iklim yang merupakan tujuan akhir kita bersama dalam mencoba menanggulangi global warming.

Daur Ulang Kertas

Jadi...
Salah satu cara mengurangi penggunaan kertas adalah dengan mendaur ulang kertas. Berikut adalah cara mendaur ulang kertas.

Daur Ulang Kertas

Tujuan
Mengetahui cara mendaur ulang kertas

Alat dan Bahan
1.Baskom (bak)
2.Gunting kertas
3.Setrika
4.Blender
5.Bingkai kayu berbentuk segiempat dengan ukuran 15 x 20 cm
6.Bingkai kayu dengan ukuran sama (15 x 20 cm) dan diberi screen (kasa nyamuk atau jaring-jaring bentos)
7.Kain atau plastik tebal untuk melapisi meja
8.Spons atau busa kering yang tebal
9.Kain bekas atau plastik yang tebal
10.Air bersih
11.Lem kertas dari tapioka (lem kanji)
12.Kertas bekas seperti kertas Koran, HVS, atau kertas kado

Cara kerja
1.Kertas disobek-sobek (digunting) sekecil mungkin kemudian direndam dalam baskom. Pastikan semua kertas benar-benar terendam.
2.Setelah kertas direndam 1 hari sobek-sobek kembali kertas dalam rendaman tersebut. Jika jenis kertas tebal seperti kardus, perendaman dilakukan selama 2 hari. Untuk perendaman kertas yang dilakukan hingga 24 jam, harus sering dilakukan penggantian air bersih, paling tidak 6 jam sekali untuk menghindari aroma kertas yang busuk dan menyengat hidung.
3.Kertas rendaman ditumbuk atau dihancurkan dengan blender hingga menjadi bubur kertas atau pulp. Jika menggunakan blender, 1 gelas kertas rendaman ditambah dengan 2 gelas air yang dimasukkan kedalam blender. Isi gelas blender jangan lebih dari setengahnya. Tingkat kehalusan bubur kertas tergantung benda yang akan dibuat.
4.Ambil bubur kertas yang telah diperas airnya sebanyak 250 gram, campur dengan sepuluh gram lem kanji dan lima liter air dalam sebuah baskom atau bak dan aduk hingga rata. Apabila ingin menghasilkan kertas daur ulang yang tipis, jumlah air ditambah 1 liter lagi, sebaliknya jika ingin kertas daur ulang yang tebal airnya dikurangi 2 liter.
5.Proses pencetakan kertas menggunakan alat bantu berupa 2 bingkai kayu dengan posisi bingkai yang kosong terletak diatas, sedangkan bingkai yang memakai screen terletak dibawah bingkai kayu yang kosong. Namun, posisi screen harus menghadap keatas.
6.Aduk sebentar adonan bubur kertas di dalam baskom / bak, kemudian benamkan kedua bingkai kayu dengan segera ke dalamnya selama 3 hingga 5 detik. Lalu angkat ke permukaan.
7.Biarkan sejenak bingkai cetakan diatas bak agar sisa-sisa air menetes ke dalam baskom / bak. Setelah kurang lebih 15 detik bingkai bagian atas dapat diangkat dengan hati-hati hingga tinggal bingkai yang memakai screen. Pada screen akan diperoleh adonan bubur kertas yang masih kasar.
8.Pindahkan bingkai yang berisi adonan kertas ke atas meja yang sebelumnya telah dilapisi kain atau plastik tebal. Posisi bingkai dibalik, yaitu posisi adonan kertas langsung menyentuh dan menempel pada kain atau plastik yang telah terpasang di atas meja. Sementara screen berada dibagian atas.
9.Dengan spons atau busa kering yang tebal, lakukan pengisapan air di atas screen berulang kali. Selanjutnya bingkai dengan screen dapat diangkat secara hati-hati hingga akan tertinggal adonan kertas di atas kain atau plastik.
10.Berikutnya, lakukan pengeringan dibawah terik matahari hingga kering.
11.Untuk memperoleh hasil kertas yang kencang dan kaku, bisa dilakukan pemanasan ulang dengan cara menyetrika kertas satu per satu.
12.Kertas daur ulang dapat dibuat beraneka hiasan atau alat tulis yang memiliki nilai jual.
13.Buatlah karya seni dari kertas daur ulang dan coba jual dikalangan teman-teman atau tetangga.


(Diambil dari buku biologi 1 terbitan esis)

Selected International Environmental Agreements

Do you know that there are a lot of agreements about environment which had been made a long time ago ???
But rules still rules, an agreement only an agreement. Without our awareness, the regulations won’t work well.

Here they are

Air Pollution

see Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides

see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes

Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Air Pollution-Sulphur 85

see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or Their Transboundary Fluxes by at least 30%

Air Pollution-Sulphur 94

see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions

Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds

see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes

Antarctic - Environmental Protocol
see Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty
Antarctic Treaty
opened for signature - 1 December 1959
entered into force - 23 June 1961
objective - to ensure that Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes only (such as international cooperation in scientific research); to defer the question of territorial claims asserted by some nations and not recognized by others; to provide an international forum for management of the region; applies to land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees south latitude
parties - (46) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela
Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal note - abbreviated as Hazardous Wastes
opened for signature - 22 March 1989
entered into force - 5 May 1992
objective - to reduce transboundary movements of wastes subject to the Convention to a minimum consistent with the environmentally sound and efficient management of such wastes; to minimize the amount and toxicity of wastes generated and ensure their environmentally sound management as closely as possible to the source of generation; and to assist LDCs in environmentally sound management of the hazardous and other wastes they generate
parties - (167) Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Finland, France, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (3) Afghanistan, Haiti, US

Biodiversity
see Convention on Biological Diversity

Climate Change

see United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
see Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals note - abbreviated as Antarctic Seals
opened for signature - 1 June 1972
entered into force - 11 March 1978
objective - to promote and achieve the protection, scientific study, and rational use of Antarctic seals, and to maintain a satisfactory balance within the ecological system of Antarctica

parties - (16) Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Poland, Russia, South Africa, UK, US countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (1) NZ

Convention on Biological Diversity note - abbreviated as Biodiversity
opened for signature - 5 June 1992
entered into force - 29 December 1993
objective - to develop national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity
parties - (186) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (1) US

Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas note - abbreviated as Marine Life Conservation
opened for signature - 29 April 1958
entered into force - 20 March 1966
objective - to solve through international cooperation the problems involved in the conservation of living resources of the high seas, considering that because of the development of modern technology some of these resources are in danger of being overexploited
parties - (38) Australia, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Colombia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Finland, France, Haiti, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Portugal, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, UK, US, Venezuela

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (20) Afghanistan, Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ghana, Iceland, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Lebanon, Liberia, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Panama, Sri Lanka, Tunisia, Uruguay

Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution note - abbreviated as Air Pollution
opened for signature - 13 November 1979
entered into force - 16 March 1983
objective - to protect the human environment against air pollution and to gradually reduce and prevent air pollution, including long-range transboundary air pollution
parties - (49) Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, EU, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (2) Holy See, San Marino

Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar) note - abbreviated as Wetlands
opened for signature - 2 February 1971
entered into force - 21 December 1975
objective - to stem the progressive encroachment on and loss of wetlands now and in the future, recognizing the fundamental ecological functions of wetlands and their economic, cultural, scientific, and recreational value
parties - (154) Albania, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Tajikistan, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia
Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources note - abbreviated as Antarctic-Marine Living Resources
opened for signature - 5 May 1980
entered into force - 7 April 1982
objective - to safeguard the environment and protect the integrity of the ecosystem of the seas surrounding Antarctica, and to conserve Antarctic marine living resources
parties - (31) Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Mauritius, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Peru, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu
Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) note - abbreviated as Endangered Species
opened for signature - 3 March 1973
entered into force - 1 July 1975
objective - to protect certain endangered species from overexploitation by means of a system of import/export permits

parties - (170) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Palau, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention) note - abbreviated as Marine Dumping
opened for signature - 29 December 1972
entered into force - 30 August 1975
objective - to control pollution of the sea by dumping and to encourage regional agreements supplementary to the Convention; the London Convention came into force in 1996
parties - (88) Afghanistan, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong (associate member), Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Libya, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Vanuatu

associate members to the London Convention - (2) Faroe Islands, Macau countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (3) Chad, Kuwait, Uruguay

Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques note - abbreviated as Environmental Modification
opened for signature - 10 December 1976
entered into force - 5 October 1978
objective - to prohibit the military or other hostile use of environmental modification techniques in order to further world peace and trust among nations
parties - (68) Afghanistan, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Egypt, Finland, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Malawi, Mauritius, Mongolia, Netherlands, NZ, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (17) Bolivia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Holy See, Iceland, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg, Morocco, Nicaragua, Portugal, Sierra Leone, Syria, Turkey, Uganda

Desertification

see United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa

Endangered Species
see Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)
Environmental Modification
see Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
Hazardous Wastes

see Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal

International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling note - abbreviated as Whaling
opened for signature - 2 December 1946
entered into force - 10 November 1948
objective - to protect all species of whales from overhunting; to establish a system of international regulation for the whale fisheries to ensure proper conservation and development of whale stocks; and to safeguard for future generations the great natural resources represented by whale stocks

parties - (84) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Brazil, Cambodia, Cameroon, Chile, China, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote D'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Ecuador, Eritrea, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Laos, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Norway, Oman, Palau, Panama, Peru, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu, UK, US, Uruguay

International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 note - abbreviated as Tropical Timber 83
opened for signature - 18 November 1983
entered into force - 1 April 1985; this agreement expired when the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994, went into force
objective - to provide an effective framework for cooperation between tropical timber producers and consumers and to encourage the development of national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of tropical forests and their genetic resources
parties - (59) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Vanuatu, Venezuela
International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994 note - abbreviated as Tropical Timber 94
opened for signature - 26 January 1994
entered into force - 1 January 1997
objective - to ensure that by the year 2000 exports of tropical timber originate from sustainably managed sources; to establish a fund to assist tropical timber producers in obtaining the resources necessary to reach this objective
parties - (62) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela

Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change note - abbreviated as Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

opened for signature - 16 March 1998
entered into force - 23 February 2005
objective - to further reduce greenhouse gas emissions by enhancing the national programs of developed countries aimed at this goal and by establishing percentage reduction targets for the developed countries
parties - (181) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Cental African Republic, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Cote d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Island, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (4) Kazakhstan, US

Law of the Sea
see United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)
Marine Dumping
see Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention)
Marine Life Conservation

see Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas

Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer note - abbreviated as Ozone Layer Protection
opened for signature - 16 September 1987
entered into force - 1 January 1989
objective - to protect the ozone layer by controlling emissions of substances that deplete it

parties - (189) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Nuclear Test Ban
see Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water
Ozone Layer Protection
see Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer
Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL) note - abbreviated as Ship Pollution
opened for signature - 17 February 1978
entered into force - 2 October 1983
objective - to preserve the marine environment through the complete elimination of pollution by oil and other harmful substances and the minimization of accidental discharge of such substances
parties - (139) Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Republic of Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Libya, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam

Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty note - abbreviated as Antarctic-Environmental Protocol

opened for signature - 4 October 1991
entered into force - 14 January 1998
objective - to provide for comprehensive protection of the Antarctic environment and dependent and associated ecosystems; applies to the area covered by the Antarctic Treaty
consultative parties - (31) Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay
non consultative parties - (12) Austria, Colombia, Cuba, Denmark, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, North Korea, Papua New Guinea, Slovakia, Switzerland, Turkey

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides

opened for signature - 31 October 1988
entered into force - 14 February 1991
objective - to provide for the control or reduction of nitrogen oxides and their transboundary fluxes
parties - (31) Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, US
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (1) Poland

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds

opened for signature - 18 November 1991
entered into force - 29 September 1997
objective - to provide for the control and reduction of emissions of volatile organic compounds in order to reduce their transboundary fluxes so as to protect human health and the environment from adverse effects
parties - (21) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (6) Canada, EU, Greece, Portugal, Ukraine, US

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Sulphur 94

opened for signature - 14 June 1994
entered into force - 5 August 1998
objective - to provide for a further reduction in sulfur emissions or transboundary fluxes
parties - (27) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (3) Poland, Russia, Ukraine

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

opened for signature - 24 June 1998
entered into force - 23 October 2003
objective - to provide for the control and reduction of emissions of persistent organic pollutants in order to reduce their transboundary fluxes so as to protect human health and the environment from adverse effects
parties - (27) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (10) Armenia, Croatia, Greece, Ireland, Philippines Poland, Portugal, Spain, Ukraine, US

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or Their Transboundary Fluxes by at Least 30% note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Sulphur 85

opened for signature - 8 July 1985
entered into force - 2 September 1987
objective - to provide for a 30% reduction in sulfur emissions or transboundary fluxes by 1993
parties - (22) Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine
Ship Pollution
see Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)
Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water note - abbreviated as Nuclear Test Ban
opened for signature - 5 August 1963
entered into force - 10 October 1963
objective - to obtain an agreement on general and complete disarmament under strict international control in accordance with the objectives of the United Nations; to put an end to the armaments race and eliminate incentives for the production and testing of all kinds of weapons, including nuclear weapons
parties - (113) Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Samoa, San Marino, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK, US, Venezuela, Zambia

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (17) Algeria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chile, Ethiopia, Haiti, Libya, Mali, Pakistan, Paraguay, Portugal, Somalia, Tanzania, Uruguay, Vietnam, Yemen

Tropical Timber 83

see International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983

Tropical Timber 94

see International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS) note - abbreviated as Law of the Sea
opened for signature - 10 December 1982
entered into force - 16 November 1994
objective - to set up a comprehensive new legal regime for the sea and oceans; to include rules concerning environmental standards as well as enforcement provisions dealing with pollution of the marine environment
parties - (155) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (27) Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia, Republic of the Congo, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Iran, North Korea, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Madagascar, Malawi, Morocco, Niger, Rwanda, Swaziland, Switzerland, Thailand, UAE

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa note - abbreviated as Desertification

opened for signature - 14 October 1994
entered into force - 26 December 1996
objective - to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through national action programs that incorporate long-term strategies supported by international cooperation and partnership arrangements
parties - (185) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change note - abbreviated as Climate Change

opened for signature - 9 May 1992
entered into force - 21 March 1994
objective - to achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a low enough level to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system

parties - (195) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Wetlands
see Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar)
Whaling
see International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
Environmental Organization
South Asia Co-operative Environment Program (SACEP)
established - January 1983
aim - to promote regional cooperation in South Asia in the field of environment, both natural and human, and on issues of economic and social development; to support conservation and management of natural resources of the region
members - (8) Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)
established - 15 December 1972
aim - to promote international cooperation on all environmental matters
members - (58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
indonesia0
Environment - current issues:

deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; air pollution in urban areas; smoke and haze from forest fires
Environment - international agreements:

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Taken from world fact book 2009

3R motto for a Better Life ( English Version)

Issues such as global warming is no longer uncommon for us. However, although this issue is often be spoken out. there are still many among us who close their eyes to global warming threat and such. Even small awareness that can help the reduction of global warming also disappeared as we close our eyes to this.

Actually it's relative easy for us who want to try to reduce the effect of global warming. The most powerful and easiest thing to do is to not dispose of garbage carelessly, further more separate the waste according to waste category, organic or inorganic. Only with such a course you can help our earth.

If all the trash be placed in the right place so the environment will look beautiful. Not dirty!! In addition, when separated organic waste or inorganic, it will be easier for us to recycle the waste.

What is the consequence?

We don't have to worry about the organic ones, because it will be easily be decomposed by the bacterias. Such as waste decomposition made Mycobacterium sp. or Escherichia coli. The decomptosition time period is relatively short . 2 weeks to 1 month and organic waste will be unraveled. And the useful results of its decomposition towards the land as fertilizer.

The inorganic waste is feared. Classified as waste, plastics, synthetic cloth, cans. That kind of waste is really difficult to be decomposed. It takes 5 years or even more of an inorganic waste by bacteria to unravel. Imagine if 1 trillion (1,000,000,000,000) people in the world throw their inorganic waste carelessly to the ground. Expect the garbage will unravel itself. In 5 years the earth will be covered and maybe human will be disappeared? Moreover, if it really happens, the quality of the land will be reduced and so on the things happen to the farming activities and the planting will be harder.



How to anticipate?

Therefore, the way to help the environment is to remove the waste in place and in accordance with a separate category. Or maybe if you're interested in starting to keep the earth more, you can use the 3R.

What is it?

3R is the way to overcome the waste problems..

Reduce

- You can reduce the use of goods that you do not need (new accessories etc.).

- Reduce the use of goods that can damage the environment. (CFC on the perfume you)

- Reduce excessive use of paper. Use tissue as minimum as possible. If it's possible, avoid the print preview.

- Read newspapers online.

- When you go shopping, take the shopping plastic from home to reduce the usage of plastic bag.

Reuse

- The used plastic you have. This step can help your savings.

- The used paper back and forth.

- Donate your used clothes to the orphans or orphanages to be in use again.

Recycle

- The easiest way to recycle the organic waste in your home with the help of special bacteria.

- Using the former plastic water bottles, paint cans, used as pot plants.

- Recycle paper

- Recycle plastic waste into valuable economic goods (bags etc.).

Epilog ...

It's quite easy for you to do all of that. Now it all depends on your intention to keep the environment.


SAVE THE WORLD

TO MAKE YOUR LIFE worth! ! !

SMAK1 and Global Warming

Nervous and afraid. Definitely two things that haunt all of these people in the world at this time. Moreover, viewing conditions and situations that exist. Everything is a matter to the effective and that it is chilling. However, what if Sadly, we know that everyone just a sad, scared and nervous just responding to problems of this world. Not all people began to act to change, even most people to be fulsome because they not only talk but act.

That's what happens when people hear the words global warming.Life is only be afraid and no effort to start changing. However, our school is different. SMAK 1 BPK PENABUR's have a way to make significant changes to the way they work.

We know that global warming does not occur free from the excessive exploitation of trees by humans. And we also know , that the paper comes from trees. So, if we throw the paper we break free of the tree. Therefore, the effects that global warming must be reduced to save our trees. The simplest way is that we have to save paper. (Save Paper!)

Things that our school, SMAK 1 BPK PENABUR, is trying to do is rescuing or trying to minimize the usage of paper. How do example:
1. Restrict photo copy of each teacher max. 5 x

2. Using the used paper if it's possible

Those two things have already been implemented in our schools since January and until now it is still valid. For further details, here are the usage of paper charts in our schools

if you see the chart above we certainly see the effectiveness of the new policy that has been applied in the school, isn't it? For the graph paper showing the use of the longer more and more.

To question why we have school. The increase occurred because at that time we are doing the test-preparation and test the reception of new students. Perhaps it could be a reason. But however the change does not require the process easy. Perhaps at this time but still have not seen some of the time then we can see the results.

VIVA SMAK 1 BPK PENABUR! ! !

Data Penggunaan Kertas

Berikut sedikit data penggunaan kertas :

Menurut Indonesian Pulp and Paper Association, sembilan puluh persen konsumsi kertas (tulis dan cetak) di Indonesia disuplai secara domestik dan dalam kurun waktu lima tahun (2000-2004). Data statistik pada Tabel 1, menggambarkan peningkatan jumlah konsumsi dan produksi kertas di Indonesia dari tahun 2000 hingga 2004.
Dengan mengambil nilai minimal rata-rata tingkat pertumbuhan konsumsi dan produksi yakni 5% per tahun (sedangkan menurut World Resource Institute untuk Negara berkembang rata-rata sekitar 7% per tahun), maka diperoleh jumlah konsumsi kertas Indonesia di tahun 2006 adalah 5,96 juta ton. Kebutuhan (demand) yang besar inilah yang mungkin menjadi pemicu maraknya kasus pembalakan liar (illegal logging) di Indonesia.
Dari jumlah konsumsi kertas 5,96 juta ton di tahun 2006, kita akan dapat menghitung konsumsi penggunaan kertas per kapita atau per angkatan kerja (per pekerja/pegawai).
Tabel 1. Data Statistik Produksi dan Konsumsi Kertas Tulis dan Cetak (paperboard) tahun 2000 ? 2004 (dalam tons)
Tahun
KapasitasProduksi
Produksi
Impor
Ekspor
Konsumsi Tercatat
2000
9,116,180
6,849,000
212,630
2,837,210
4,224,420
2001
9,904,080
6,951,240
199,840
2,345,135
4,805,945
2002
10,045,580
7,212,970
249,695
2,446,730
5,015,935
2003
10,045,580
7,267,880
206,880
2,160,380
5,314,380
2004
10,045,580
7,679,820
306,970
2,576,640
5,410,150
Sumber: Indonesian Pulp & Paper Association Directory 2005
Tingkat konsumsi kertas per kapita didapat dengan membagi total konsumsi kertas dengan jumlah penduduk. Sedangkan konsumsi per angkatan kerja didapat dengan membagi total konsumsi dengan hanya jumlah angkatan kerja, sehingga didapat tingkat konsumsi kertas per pekerja (pegawai).
konsumsi_kertas_per_kapita=
total_konsumsi_kertas/jumlah_penduduk
konsumsi_kertas_per_angkatan_kerja=
total_konsumsi_kertas/jumlah_angkatan_kerja
Dengan menggunakan rumus di atas dan data jumlah penduduk Indonesia tahun 2006 (225 juta), maka akan didapat hasil bahwa konsumsi kertas per kapita tahun 2006 adalah 27 kg. Bandingkan dengan negara-negara lainnya yang sumber daya alamnya terbatas seperti Singapura dengan konsumsi kertas per kapita mencapai 154 kilogram per kapita, Malaysia 115 kilogram, Thailand 40 kg, China 45 kg, Amerika Serikat 301 kg, dan Jepang 242 kg (lihat Tabel 2).
Sedangkan bila nilai tabel 1 di atas diasumsikan hanya digunakan oleh para pekerja dan angkatan kerja Indonesia (sebesar 108 juta), maka konsumsi kertas per angkatan kerja (pegawai) Indonesia tahun 2006 adalah 55 kg kertas.
Tabel 2. Rata-Rata Konsumsi Kertas Per Kapita Per Negara tahun 2006
negara
konsumsi per kapita
urutan dunia

negara
konsumsi per kapita
urutan dunia
Luxembourg
334
1

Inggris
201
15
Finland
325
2

New Zealand
189
17
United States
301
3

Korea, Rep
173
20
Austria
277
4

Singapore
154
23
Belgium
250
5

Malaysia
115
28
Denmark
244
6

Thailand
51
55
Canada
242
7

China
45
57
Japan
242
8

Indonesia
27
84
Germany
232
9

Philippines
18
88
Netherlands
227
10

Viet Nam
15
94
Sweden
220
11

Brunei
13
100
Switzerland
216
12

Cambodia
2
152
Italy
206
13

Myanmar
2
158
Australia
210
14
Laos
1
175
Sumber: Asosiasi Pulp & Kertas Indonesia & Persatuan Perusahaan Grafika Indonesia & World Resource Institute
Bila kertas yang digunakan adalah kertas ukuran A4 dengan berat 5gr/lembar, maka konsumsi kertas per kapita adalah 5.400 lembar atau sekitar 15 lembar/hari atau 11 rim/tahun. Misalnya harga rata-rata kertas per rim-nya adalah Rp 30 ribu maka konsumsi kertas per kapita per tahun adalah sekitar Rp 330 ribu.
Sedangkan konsumsi kertas per angkatan kerja adalah 11.000 lembar atau sekitar 30 lembar/hari atau 22 rim/tahun, atau setara dengan Rp 660 ribu per angkatan kerja per tahun.
Berarti biaya perusahaan (company cost) dari 22 rim kertas yang digunakan oleh per angkatan kerja per tahunnya adalah 31 x Rp 318 ribu = Rp 20,46 juta per pegawai. Bayangkan bila satu perusahaan memiliki 100 pegawai, berarti total biaya konsumsi kertasnya sebesar lebih dari Rp 2 Milyar.
Sedangkan biaya lingkungan (environmental cost) dari 55 kg kertas per angkatan kerja Indonesia setara dengan 0.6 ? 0,9 pohon per orang per tahun, berarti setiap tahunnya sekitar 65 ? 97 juta pohon ditebang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan kertas para angkatan kerja di Indonesia.
Contoh lain, dalam sebuah program ?Cleaning Day? yang diadakan oleh sebuah perusahaan sumber energi di daerah bisnis Kuningan, Jakarta, terkumpul ?sampah? kertas tak terpakai sebanyak 2 ton kertas, selama kurun waktu lima tahun menghuni gedung tersebut. Jika mengambil data riset terakhir bahwa dari total jumlah sampah yang dihasilkan, 30-40% merupakan sampah kertas, berarti bayangkan berapa besar beban tambahan yang harus ditanggung oleh gedung untuk menampung kertas dan sampahnya (5-7 ton sampah)? Itu baru dari satu perusahaan yang 3 lantai dari 18 lantai yang ada, bagaimana dengan perusahaan di lantai yang lainnya?

Mari Menghemat Kertas!!

"Sudah berapa banyak pohon yang anda tebang hari ini?"

"Ingat, setiap kali anda membuang kertas, setiap kali pula anda menebang pohon."

Kata-kata seperti ini sudah sering kali terdengar dimana-mana. Banyak yang menyerukan isu global warming. Nah, apa hubungannya dengan kertas? Seperti yang diketahui, kertas terbuat dari pohon. Barangkali kita tidak menyadari betapa berharganya kertas karena produksi kertas bisa menentukan nasib bumi kita. Semakin banyak kertas yang kita gunakan secara sia-sia semakin banyak pula kita mengurangi pohon pelindung kita.

Di dunia IT, seringkali kita mengeluh pada email yang terlalu besar atau email yang dikirim tanpa menghapus thread yang terlalu panjang. Alasannya, menghabiskan bandwidth. Alasan yang sama juga digunakan ketika menegur orang yang memforward berita-berita sampah. Namun, mengapa kita tidak peduli pada penggunaan kertas ?

Banyak cara untuk menghemat kertas. Mudah dan simpel, kita hanya perlu kepedulian dalam melakukannya, itu yang terpenting.

Pernah kami mendapat sms konyol yang mengatakan betapa banyaknya kertas yang dipakai untuk peer dan ujian di sekolah sehari-harinya, dan jumlahnya cukup mengejutkan. Maka, di sms itu disarankan untuk "say no to exam and homework". Memang hal ini konyol ketika didengar, mengingat sebagai pelajar tentunya tidak mungkin tidak ada peer atau ujian. Hanya saja, dibalik itu ada fakta betapa borosnya kita pada penggunaan kertas. Untuk hal-hal tertentu, kita tidak bisa menolak untuk menggunakan kertas. Karena memang kertas adalah bagian kehiupan kita. Namun, tidak ada salahnya bukan untuk memulai kebiasaan kecil untuk menghemat kertas? Kelak kita sendirilah yang akan merasakan manfaatnya. Bukan hanya untuk bumi kita tapi juga keuangan kita. Semakin sedikit kertas yang kita pakai semakin nyaman kantong kita.

Berikut beberapa tips untuk menghemat kertas :

Hindari penggunaan tisu toilet atau tisu makan; karena akan jauh lebih baik jika kamu gunakan handuk kecil atau saputangan saja. Dengan adanya mesin cuci, mencucinya tentu tidak akan merepotkan lagi.

Berhenti langganan surat kabar atau majalah; dan bukalah versi online untuk mendapat berita harian. Selain menghemat kertas, kita juga dapat menghemat uang karena biaya untuk membuka halaman situs jauh lebih kecil dibanding harga harian koran, dan kita juga dapat menyimpan berita-berita tersebut dalam FlashDisk kita.

Biasakanlah men-digital-kan semua jenis acuan kertas, seperti pengumuman, kertas selebaran, hasil presentasi, dan simpanlah dalam hard drive untuk lebih amannya. Kita selalu dapat mencetaknya kembali di saat kita membutuhkannya.

Kebanyakan bank pada masa kini menghasilkan laporan-laporan yang tidak membutuhkan kertas, baik yang dikirim ke e-mail kita ataupun bayaran online. Gunakanlah layanan tersebut, karena hampir semua bank sekarang menawarkannya gratis. Dan selain itu, pembayaran tagihan tidak perlu terlambat lagi karena kita tidak perlu berurusan dengan kantor pos lagi.

Jangan sembarangan membuang kertas. Periksa dahulu, apakah masih bisa digunakan kembali untuk keperluan lain.

Kumpulkan sisa-sisa kertas yang benar-benar tidak terpakai, kemudian serahkan atau jual kembali kepada pemulung kertas. Mereka akan mengirimkan kertas bekas tersebut ke tempat daur ulang.

Ketika mengetik, gunakan kertas print bila hasil ketikan sudah sempurna. Jadi edit ketikan di komputer anda sampai sesuai dengan keinginan, barulah di print.

Bila memungkinkan print hasil kerja anda secara bolak-balik pada selembar kertas.

Kita juga bisa membuat notes kecil dari kumpulan sisa-sisa kertas yang digunting rapi yang lalu distapler. Bisa dipakai untuk mencatat pesan-pesan telepon yang masuk, atau untuk nota belanja.

Koran, tabloid dan majalah bekas bisa dipakai lagi untuk bungkus-membungkus, atau alas lemari pakaian anda.

Yang terpenting...
Ayo berhemat memakai kertas. Mudah kan?